The following sections provide a selection of the available literature. The publications have been sub-divided to help with navigation but please be aware that there is significant overlap between the groupings. For example, many publications on participatory methods also discuss collaborative approaches and vice versa.

Links for online access are provided where available. You may find other resources that are equally or more helpful (if so, please let us know so we can update this section with your recommendations). 

Research Approaches

  • Ancarno, C., O. Davis, and D. Wyatt. 2016. “Forging Communities: the Caerau and Ely Rediscovering Heritage project and the dynamics of co-production.” In After Urban Regeneration: Communities, Policy and Place, edited by D. O’Brien and P. Matthews, 113-129. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Beebe, J. 1995. “Basic Concepts and Techniques of Rapid Appraisal.” Human Organization 54 (1): 42-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44126571
  • Cooke, B., and U. Kothari. 2001. “The Case for Participation as Tyranny?” In Participation: The New Tyranny?, edited by B. Cooke and U. Kothari, 1-15. London: Zed Books.
  • Cruikshank, B. 1999. The Will to Empower: Democratic Citizens and Other Subjects. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Durose, C., and L. Richardson. 2016. Designing Public Policy For Co-Production: Theory, practice and change. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Ellard-Gray, A., N.K. Jeffrey, M. Choubak, and S.E. Crann. 2015. “Finding the Hidden Participant: Solutions for Recruiting Hidden, Hard-to-Reach, and Vulnerable Populations.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 14 (5): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1609406915621420
  • Graham, H., and J. Vergunst, eds. 2019. Heritage as community research: legacies of co-production. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Jeffrey, S., A. Hale, C.  Jones, S. Jones, and M. Maxwell. 2015. “The ACCORD project: Archaeological Community Co-Production of Research Resources ” In CAA2014 21st Century Archaeology: Concepts, methods and tools. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, 22.4.2014 – 25.4.2014, Paris, edited by Giligny F., Djindjian F., Costa L., Moscati P. and Robert S., 289-295. Oxford: Archaeopress.. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23882
  • Jones, S. 2004. Early Medieval sculpture and the production of meaning, value and place: The case of Hilton Cadboll. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland. https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and-research/publications/publication/?publicationId=992a1e1d-aca0-4ba2-907b-a5ad00fbac23
  • Jones, S., H. Cobb, M. Giles, K. Shone, and R. Colton. 2015. Whitworth Park Community Archaeology and History Project: An Evaluation Report for the Heritage Lottery Fund. Manchester: University of Manchester. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23869
  • Jones, S., S. Jeffrey, M. Maxwell, A. Hale, and C. Jones. 2017. “3D heritage visualisation and the negotiation of authenticity: the ACCORD project.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 24 (4): 333-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2017.1378905
  • Low, S. 2008. “Social Sustainability: People, History, and Values” In The Heritage Reader, edited by G. Fairclough, R. Harrison, J. H. Jameson Jnr. and J. Schofield, 392-404. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Madgin, R., D. Webb, P. Ruiz, and T. Snelson. 2016. Engaging youth in cultural heritage: time, place and communication. Project Report. Youth and Heritage: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59455/
  • Matthews, P., and A. Hastings. 2013. “Middle-Class Political Activism and Middle-Class Advantage in Relation to Public Services: A Realist Synthesis of the Evidence Base.” Social Policy and Administration 47 (1): 72-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2012.00866.x
  • Palmer, J., C. Pocock, and L. Burton. 2017. “Waiting, Power and Time in Ethnographic and Community-based Research.” Qualitative Research 18 (4): 416-432. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1468794117728413
  • Pink, S., and J. Morgan. 2013. “Short-Term Ethnography: Intense Routes to Knowing.” Symbolic Interaction 36 (3): 351-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/symb.66
  • Taylor, M. 2011. Public Policy in the Community. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Research Methods

Some of these publications cover more than one type of method.

  • Alaszewski, A. 2006. Using Diaries for Social Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using thematic analysis in psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Bryman, A. 2016. Social Research Methods. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Clark, K. 2019. Playing with the Past: Exploring Values in Heritage Practice. Berghahn: New York.
  • Foster, S., and S Jones. 2019. “Concrete and non-concrete: exploring the contemporary authenticity of historic replicas through an ethnographic study of the St John’s Cross replica, Iona.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 25 (11): 1169-1188. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2019.1583272
  • Foster, S., and S. Jones. 2008. “Recovering the Biography of the Hilton of Cadboll Cross-Slab.” In A Fragmented Masterpiece: Recovering the Biography of the Hilton of Cadboll Pictish Cross-Slab, edited by H. James, I. Henderson, S. Foster and S. Jones, 205-284. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
  • Garduño Freeman, C. 2010. “Photosharing on Flickr: intangible heritage and emergent publics.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 16 (4-5): 352-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527251003775695
  • Gauntlett, D. 2011. Making is Connecting: The Social Meaning of Creativity, from DIY and Knitting to YouTube and Web 2.0. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Giaccardi, E., ed. 2012. Heritage and Social Media: Understanding Heritage in a Participatory Culture. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Gillham, B. 2000. Case Study Research Methods. London: Continuum.
  • Harper, D. 2012. Visual Sociology. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Harrison, R. 2011. “‘Counter-Mapping’ Heritage, Communities and Places in Australia and the UK.” In Local Heritage, Global Context: Cultural Perspectives on Sense of Place, edited by J. Schofield and R. Szymanski, 79-98. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Kiddey, R. 2016. “Punks and drunks: counter-mapping homelessness in Bristol and York.” In Who needs experts?: counter-mapping cultural heritage, edited by John Schofield, 165-179. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
  • Kozinets, R.V. 2010. Netnography: ethnographic research in the age of the internet. London: SAGE.
  • Krueger, R.A., and M.A. Casey. 2015. Focus Groups: A practical guide for applied research. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Latham, A. 2003. “Research, Performance, and Doing Human Geography: Some Reflections on the Diary-Photograph, Diary-Interview Method.” Environment and Planning (35): 1993-2017. https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fa3587
  • MacDowall, L.J., and P. de Souza. 2018. “‘I’d Double Tap That!!’: Street Art, Graffiti, and Instagram Research.” Media, Culture & Society 40 (1): 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443717703793
  • Mason, J., and K. Davies. 2009. “Coming to our Senses? A Critical Approach to Sensory Methodology.” Qualitative Research 9 (5): 587-603. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1468794109343628
  • Matthews, P. 2015. “Neighbourhood Belonging, Social Class and Social Media – Providing Ladders to the Cloud.” Housing Studies 30 (1): 22-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2014.953448
  • McAra, M. 2020. “‘Living in a postcard’: creatively exploring cultural heritage with young people living in Scottish island communities.” International Journal of Heritage Studies: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2020.1795905
  • Packard, J. 2008. “‘I’m gonna show you what it’s really like out here’: the power and limitation of participatory visual methods.” Visual Studies 23 (1): 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725860801908544
  • Pink, S. 2007. Doing Visual Ethnography: Images, Media, and Representation in Research. 2nd ed. ed. London: Sage Publications.
  • Seidman, I. 2006. Interviewing As Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Silverman, D. 2014. Interpreting Qualitative Data. 5th ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Taplin, D. H., S. Scheld, and S. Low. 2002. “Rapid Ethnographic Assessment in Urban Parks: A Case Study of Independence National Historical Park.” Human Organization 61 (1): 80-93. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44126969
  • Vergunst, J. 2011. “Technology and Technique in a Useful Ethnography of Movement.” Mobilities 6 (2): 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2011.552900
  • Watt, S., and J. Scott Jones. 2010. “Let’s Look Inside: Doing Participant Observation.” In Ethnography in Social Science Practice, edited by Scott Jones J. and Watt S., 107-125. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Yin, R. 2014. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 5th ed. London: Sage.
  • Zimmerman, D.H., and D.L. Wieder. 1977. “The Diary:Diary-Interview Method.” Urban Life 5 (4): 479-498. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F089124167700500406

Social Values in Context

  • Clark, K. 2010. “Values in cultural resource management.” In Heritage Values in Contemporary Society, edited by G.S. Smith, P. M. Messenger and H.A. Soderland, 89-99. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press.
  • Coffey, A. 1999. The Ethnographic Self: Fieldwork and the Representation of Identity. London: SAGE.
  • Davies, C.A. 2008. Reflexive Ethnography: A Guide to Researching Selves and Others. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
  • Emerick, K. 2009. “Archaeology and the Cultural Heritage Management “Toolkit”. The Example of Cawood, North Yorkshire.” In Taking Archaeology out of Heritage, edited by E. Waterton and L. Smith, 91-116. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Flyvbjerg, B. 2006. “Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research.” Qualitative Inquiry 12 (2): 219-245. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077800405284363
  • Jones, S. 2017. Wrestling with the social value of heritage: problems, dilemmas and opportunities. Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage, 4 (1), pp. 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2016.1193996
  • Jones, S., and S. Leech. 2015. Valuing the Historic Environment: a critical review of existing approaches to social value. Manchester: Arts and Humanities Research Council. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23881